Thallium

Thallium, ₈₁Tl
Thallium; taliyum·
Pabaosan	/ˈθæliəm/ (THAL-ee-əm)
Cingakan	petak kapérakan
Bobot atom standar Ar, std(Tl)	[204.382, 204.385] konvénsional: 204.38
Thallium ring tabél périodik
	rasa ← thallium → timbal
Wilangan atom (Z)	81
Watek	golongan 13 (golongan boron)
Période	période 6
Blok	blok-p
Konpigurasi éléktron	[Xé] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Éléktron per kulit	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Cecirén pisik
Pase ring STP	padet
Titik lebur	577 K (304 °C, 579 °F)
Titik didih	1746 K (1473 °C, 2683 °F)
Kapadetan (nampek s.r.)	11.85 g/cm3
ri kala éncéh (ring t.l.)	11.22 g/cm3
Panes fusi	4.14 kJ/mol
Panes panguapan	165 kJ/mol
Kapasitas panes molar	26.32 J/(mol·K)
Cecirén atom
Paindikan oksidasi	−5, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (oksida basa tenga)
Kaéléktronégatipan	skala Pauling: 1.62
Wasa ionisasi	ka-1: 589.4 kJ/mol ; ka-2: 1971 kJ/mol ; ka-3: 2878 kJ/mol ; ;
Jeriji atom	émpiris: 170 pm
Jeriji kovalén	145±7 pm
Jeriji Van der Waals	196 pm
	Garis spéktral saking thallium
Cecirén liyanan
Rupa alami	primordial
Struktur kristal	susunan padat héksagon (hcp)
Kagelisan swara pales tipis	818 m/s (ring 20 °C)
Ékspansi térmal	29.9 µm/(m⋅K) (ring 25 °C)
Konduktivitas térmal	46.1 W/(m⋅K)
Resistivitas listrik	0.18 µΩ⋅m (ring 20 °C)
bacakan magnétik	diamagnétik
Karentanan magnétik molar	−50.9×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Modulus Young	8 GPa
Modulus Shear	2.8 GPa
Modulus Bulk	43 GPa
Rasio Poisson	0.45
Kakatosan Mohs	1.2
Kakatosan Brinell	26.5–44.7 MPa
Nomor CAS	7440-28-0
Lelintihan
Pangaranan	mawit Basa Yunani thallos, tunas ijo utawi carang
Panemuan	William Crookes (1861)
Isolasi kapertama	Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Isotop utama thallium
ε	204Hg
	Kategori:Thallium; cingak; pabligbagan; uah; \| pustaka

Thallium silih tunggil datu kimia antuk simbol Tl miwah wilangan atom 81. Punika logam pasca transisi mawarna klau sané nénten katemuin bébas ring palemahan. Ri kala kaisolasi, talium marupa sakadi timah, menawi magentos ri kala keni udara. Chemists William Crookes miwah Claude-Auguste Lamy nemuin talium sacara mandiri ring warsa 1861, ring résidu produksi asam sulfat. Makakalih nganggén metode spéktroskopi ngendih sané anyar kakembangang, ring dija thallium ngasilang garis spéktrum ijo sané kasub. Thallium, saking Basa Yunani θαλλός, thallós, sukman ipun "muncuk ijo" utawi "carang", kaaranin olih Crookes. Punika kaisolasi olih Lamy miwah Crookes warsa 1862; Lamy nganggéb éléktrolisis, miwah Crookes nganggén pangendepan miwah paleburan sané ngasilang bubuk. Crookes nyingkang dados bubuk sané kaendepang olih séng ring pameran Internasional, sané kawéntenang ring 1 Méi warsa punika.^[4]

↑ Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ The Mining and Smelting Magazine Archived 2021-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Ed. Henry Curwen Salmon. Vol. iv, July–Dec 1963, p. 87.

[1] Dong, Z.-C.; Corbett, J. D. (1996). "Na₂₃K₉Tl_15.3: An Unusual Zintl Compound Containing Apparent Tl₅⁷⁻, Tl₄⁸⁻, Tl₃⁷⁻, and Tl⁵⁻ Anions". Inorganic Chemistry. 35 (11): 3107–12. doi:10.1021/ic960014z.

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (édisi ka-86th). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[4] The Mining and Smelting Magazine Archived 2021-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Ed. Henry Curwen Salmon. Vol. iv, July–Dec 1963, p. 87.

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